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Objective To explore the differences of the global efficiency of the brain structural networks between the male paranoid schizophrenia and male healthy and its relationship with the psychotic symptoms of the schizophrenia.Methods The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 27 male paranoid schizophrenia patients and 28 male healthy controls.The whole cerebral cortex was parcellated into 90 regions by the anatomical label map.Tractography was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of each subject to reconstruct white matter tracts of the brain using fiber assignment by continuous tracking(FACT) algorithm.And then the brain structural binary networks were constructed using the complex network theory.The average global efficiency of the brain network and the global efficiency of the nodes of both groups were examined by two sample t-test and its relationship with the psychotic symptoms in the male paranoid schizophrenia was explored by the correlation analysis.Results Compared with control group,the average global efficiency of the brain network of the patients decreased significantly (7.87±0.56,8.17±0.56,P=0.005),and the global efficiency of the nodes in the brain network of the patient decreased significantly in the left superior frontal gyrus (orbital part) (P=0.00025),the left superior parietal gyrus (P=0.00011),the left cuneus (P=0.00012) and the left putamen (P=0.00032),all survived FDR correction.Significant negative correlation was found between the global efficiency of the left putamen and the total scores (r=-0.43,P=0.03),the positive scores (r=-0.41,P=0.03) and the cognitive scores (r=-0.40,P=0.04) of PANSS.Conclusion The decreased global efficiency of the left frontal,parietal and occipital lobes and the subcortical structures lead to the occurrence of schizophrenia.And the reduced efficiency of the subcortical structures is associated with the positive symptoms and the abnormal cognitive function of the patients.
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Objective To investigate the interconnection of the executive control network in major depressive disorder when they recognized the sad facial stimuli,and to discuss the aberrant mechanism of emotion processing.Methods Twenty major depressive patients and 20 well-matched healthy volunteers participated in the experiment.The brain actions of all subjects were recorded by the magnetoencephalography (MEG) when they were required to distinguish the emotion face.Based on prior knowledge,the interested brain area consisted of the primary visual cortex (V1),the orbitofrontal cortex(OFC),the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC).Then constructing three competing models to select an optimal model by the method of dynamic causal model(DCM),finally the differences of the effective connections of the optimal model between the depressed patients and healthy controls were analyzed.Results According to the results of Bayesian model selection (BMS),model 1 had the most exceedance probability of 0.80 with the features that there were bidirectional modulatory connections between the OFC,ACC and DLPFC.Given the best model,the parameters of effective connectivity of the optimal model were extracted,and then two-sample t-test over the model 1 was adopted.The modulatory effective connectivity from the OFC to the DLPFC in both hemisphere(t=-2.73,P=0.0096;t=-3.01,P=0.0046) and the OFC to the ACC (t=-2.93,P=0.0057) in the left hemisphere were significantly reduced in MDD.Conclusion There exists abnormal function of executive control network in depressed patients,the decreased effective connections between the OFC and the DLPFC,as well as the OFC and the ACC,may have correlation with the negative
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Objective To investigate the effective connectivity of limbic circuit in patients with major depressive disorder when they recognized dynamic positive face expressions,aiming to discuss the possible mechanism of emotion processing in depressed patients.Methods Eighteen depressive patients and eighteen well-matched healthy control volunteers participated in the experiment.All subjects were asked to recognize the emotion face during the magnetoencephalograph (MEG) scanning.The regions of interested (ROI) brain areas included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC),the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC),the amygdala (AMYG),the hippocampus and the insula.The MEG data were preprocessed by the SPM8 software and further analyzed by the Granger casual model (GCM).The non-parameter permutation was used to compare the value of effective connectivity between the healthy controls and the depressed patients.Results Compared with healthy controls,the effective connectivity from the ACC to the AMYG (P=0.0052),from the OFC to the AMYG(P=0.0046),from the Hippocampus to the ACC (P=0.0016),and from the ACC to the Hippocampus (P=0.0042)was significantly reduced in depressed patients.Conclusion The depressed patients display decreased interaction of the limbic circuit during the happy facial emotion processing,indicating that the depressed patients are unable to deal with the positive stimuli,and to certain extent,explaining the abnormal neuropathophysiological mechanism of positive stimuli in MDD.
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Objective To explore the differences of the degree and distribution of hub regions of the brain structural networks between the schizophrenia and healthy and then analysis the importance of brain regions in the information transmission in across the whole brain.Methods The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 22 schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy controls.The whole cerebral cortex was parcellated into 90 regions by the anatonical label map.Tractography was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of each subject to reconstruct white matter tracts of the brain using the fiber assignment by continuous tracking (FACT) algorithm.And then the brain structural binary networks were constructed using the complex network theory.The average degree of the network and the degree of the nodes in the network between the brain structural networks of both groups were examined by two sample t-tests.Results The average degree of the brain structural network in the patient group (7.82±0.56) decreased significantly when compared with the control group (8.17 ±0.56; P=0.04).The degree of the nodes in the brain structural network of the patient group (the left hippocampus:11.41 ± 1.84; the left parahippocampal gyrus:6.41± 1.33 ; the left calcarine fissure:11.50±2.97 ; the left fusiform gyrus:8.27± 1.83) decreased significantly when compared with the control group (14.43±2.26; 8.54±2.15; 14.79±2.80; 10.25± 1.36; all P＜0.01,survived critical FDR threshold for multiple comparisons).And the distribution of the hub regions in the temporal and occipital lobes of the patient group was difference from that of the control group.Conclusion The importance of the hippocampus and the brain regions in the occipital lobe is decrease for the information transmission across the whole brain.The damage of the topological properties of these brain regions maybe related to the disorder of the transmission and integration of information in the brain of the schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the differences of the connectivity strength,the clustering coefficient and the local efficiency of the nodes in the brain structural networks in the depression and healthy subjects and then analyze the mode of the local connections of the brain regions and their local efficiency of the transmission of information and their relationship with the severity of the disease in the depression.Methods The Diffusion Tensor Imaging data were obtained from 24 depression patients and 25 healthy controls.The whole cerebral cortex was parcellated into 90 regions by the anatomical label map.Tractography was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of each subject to reconstruct white matter tracts of the brain using the fiber assignment by continuous tracking (FACT) algorithm.And then the brain structural networks were constructed using the complex network theory.The local topological properties of the brain structural networks of the depression and healthy were examined by two sample t-test.Results The local efficiency of the nodes of the networks in depression decreased significantly (the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part):0.64±0.30,the left hippocampus:0.57±0.07,the right parahippocampal gyrus:0.50±0.15) compared with the healthy (0.88±0.10,0.64±0.06,0.66±0.13 respectively,P=0.00098,0.00039,0.00017,survived critical FDR threshold for multiple comparisons) ; and the clustering coefficient of the nodes of the networks in depression (the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part):0.14±0.07) decreased significantly when compared with the healthy (0.22±0.06,P=0.000030,survived critical FDR threshold for multiple comparisons).Significant negative correlation was found between the local efficiency of the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part) and the total scores of HAMD-17 in the depression (r=-0.48,P=0.02).Conclusion The degree of the localization and the local efficiency of the information transmission of the frontal lobe are decreased.The local efficiency in the information transmission in the hippocampal is also decreased.And the local efficiency of the frontal lobe is negatively related with the severity of the disease in the depression.
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Objective To investigate the small-worldness and the betweenness centrality of the nodes in the brain structural networks and its relationship with the course and the central role of the brain regions in the transmission of information across the whole brain in depression.Methods The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 27 depression patients and 33 healthy controls.The brain structural networks were constructed using the complex network theory.Results The brain structural networks had small-world properties in both groups.When compared with the healthy,the betweenness centrality of the nodes of the networks in depression significantly decreased in right superior frontal gyms (orbital part) (P=0.00035,region survived critical FDR threshold for multiple comparisons),and left putamen (P=0.00054,region survived critical FDR threshold for multiple comparisons).Significant negative correlation was found between the betweenness centrality of left hippocampus and the course in the depression(r=0.50,P=0.016).Conclusion Both of the brain structural networks in depression patients and normal people have the property of small-worldness.But the central role of orbit frontal cortex and putamen in the transmission of information across the whole brain is declined,and the betweenness centrality of hippocampus is negatively related with the course in the depression.
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Objective To investigate whether there is exists optimal effective connections of prefrontal-amygdala in patients with major depressive disorder when they recognize dynamic positive face expressions with the technology of magnetoencephalograph (MEG),and discuss the possible aberrant mechanism of emotion processing.Methods Twenty major depressive patients and 20 well-matched healthy volunteer controls participated in the experiment.The regions of interested brain area included the primary visual cortex (V1),the precuneus (PQ),the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),the amygdala (AMYG).After constructing three putative models,dynamic causal model was used to select an optimal model,then extracted all the effective connection parameters and conducted t-test under the overall optimal model between-group comparison.Results The bayesian model selection (BMS) indicated that model with top-down modulate connections between DLPFC-ACC,DLPFC-AMYG and ACC-AMYG was the most superior model,whose exceedance probability was 0.41.In the fight hemisphere of patient group,the endogenous connectivity from AMYG to ACC significantly decreased compared to healthy controls (t=-2.21,P=0.033),while the endogenous connectivity from ACC to DLPFC was enhanced significandy (t=2.50,P=0.017),which was the same with the endogenous connectivity from AMYG to DLPFC (t=2.10,P=0.040).Conclusion The effective connections of prefrontal-amygdala in major depressive disorder are exactly impaired,which may indicate that major depressive disorder have a bias toward negative.While depressed patients don' t show abnormality in the modulate connectivity under happy stimulus.
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Objective To explore the differences in the strength of the nodes in the brain white matter weighted networks between the male patients with paranoid schizophrenia and male healthy controls, and to analysis the integrity of the white matter fiber tracts that connected to the different brain regions and its relationship with the course of disease. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were obtained from 25 male patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 26 male healthy controls. The whole brain was parcellated into 90 regions by using the anatomical label map. Tractography was performed in the whole brain of each subject to reconstruct white matter tracts using the FACT algorithm. The brain white matter weighted networks were then constructed using the complex network theory. Results The strength of the nodes in the networks of schizophrenia significantly decreased in the right thalamus (P=0.03, corrected) and the right hes?chl gyrus (P=0.04, corrected). Negative correlation was found between the strength of the right thalamus and the course of disease (r=-0.45, P=0.03). Conclusion The integrity of the white matter fiber tracts connected to the thalamus and tem?poral lobes in the male paranoid schizophrenia is impaired. The lesion of fiber tracts connected to the thalamus is related with the course of disease.
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Objective To explore the relationship between energy feature of the spontaneous neural activity and separate symptom clusters in first-episode depression.Methods 22 first-episode depression patients and 26 age-,gender-matched healthy controls were scanned with 3.0 T MRI Scanner.The t-test was employed to compare the difference of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between the two groups,and the correlation analyses were conducted between ALFF of brain regions with significant difference and the severity of depressive symptoms clusters.Results Compared with healthy group,the depression group showed significantly increased ALFF in the right middle frontal gyrus (9,45,-6; K =18) and the bilateral fusiform gyrus (-34,-19,-12; K =37 and 30,-33,-18 ; K =31,respectively),and decreased ALFF in the left precuneus (0,-72,42; K =19) (P＜0.05,corrected by Alphasim).The ALFF of the the right middle frontal gyrus,the right fusiform gyrus,and the left precuneus were negative correlated with the scores of weight factor,retardation factor and sleep disturbance factor (r=-0.494,P=0.019; r=-0.486,P=0.022 and r=-0.484,P=0.023,respectively).Conclusion Abnormal energy feature of the spontaneous neural activity may be associated with severity of specific depressive symptoms clusters in first-episode depression patients during resting-state.